Circuit Description
The Secondary Air Injection (AIR) System is designed to lower exhaust emission levels during a cold or warm start. The AIR pump is timed to remain ON for approximately one minute after the engine is started.
The powertrain control module (PCM) commands the AIR pump relay ON by supplying a ground on the control circuit. This action energizes the AIR pump, forcing air into the exhaust stream. The PCM also commands the AIR vacuum control solenoid valve ON which applies vacuum to the AIR shut-off valve. When vacuum is applied to the AIR shut-off valve, airflow from the AIR pump flows through the hoses/pipes and to the exhaust check valves. The air then enters into the exhaust stream. The air that is introduced into the exhaust system accelerates catalyst operation by decreasing the time it takes for the convertor to begin its process of burning the incomplete gases; reducing engine exhaust emission levels. When inactive, the check valves and the shut-off valve prevent airflow in either direction.
The PCM detects a system airflow problem by monitoring the heated oxygen sensors (HO2S) and short term fuel trim during normal Open Loop AIR system operation. This is called a passive test. If the passive test indicates a pass, the PCM takes no further action. If the passive test fails or is inconclusive, the diagnostic will proceed with an intrusive or active tests. The PCM will command the AIR system ON during Closed Loop operation under normal operating conditions. The active test will pass or fail based on the response from the HO2S. A lean HO2S response indicates that the secondary AIR system is functioning normally. An increasing short term fuel trim value also indicates a normally functioning system. The AIR diagnostic consists of the passive test and the active tests. The AIR diagnostic requires failure of the passive and active tests on two consecutive key cycles to illuminate the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) and store a DTC. If the PCM detects that the HO2S and short term FT did not respond as expected on one of the engine banks, DTC P1415 or P1416 sets. If the PCM detects that the HO2S and short term FT did not respond as expected on both of the engine banks, DTC P0410 sets.
Conditions for Running the DTC
| • | DTCs P0101, P0102, P0103, P0106, P0107, P0108, P0112, P0113, P0117, P0118, P0121, P0122, P0123, P0125, P0131, P0132, P0133, P0134, P0135, P0137, P0138, P0140, P0141, P0155, P0171, P0172, P0174, P0175, P0300, P0440, P0442, P0446, P0506, or P0507 are not set. |
| • | The engine run time is more than 15 seconds after Closed Loop operation. |
| • | The engine load is less than 33 percent. |
| • | The engine air flow is less than 18 g/s. |
| • | The engine speed is more than 750 RPM. |
| • | The ignition voltage is more than 11.7 volts. |
| • | The engine coolant temperature (ECT) is 70-110°C (158-230°F). |
| • | The intake air temperature (IAT) is more than 2°C (36°F). |
| • | The fuel system is not operating in power enrichment or deceleration fuel cut-off (DFCO). |
| • | The short term fuel trim is between +5 and -5 percent. |
| • | The startup ECT is below 80°C (176°F). |
| • | The vehicle speed is more than 25 km/h (15 mph). |
Conditions for Setting the DTC
| • | The HO2S voltage does not decrease to less than 222 mV within 1.2 seconds when the AIR pump turns on during Closed Loop operation. |
| AND |
| • | Short term fuel trim does not increase above a predetermined amount. |
Action Taken When the DTC Sets
| • | The control module illuminates the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) on the second consecutive ignition cycle that the diagnostic runs and fails. |
| • | The control module records the operating conditions at the time the diagnostic fails. The first time the diagnostic fails, the control module stores this information in the Failure Records. If the diagnostic reports a failure on the second consecutive ignition cycle, the control module records the operating conditions at the time of the failure. The control module writes the operating conditions to the Freeze Frame and updates the Failure Records. |
Conditions for Clearing the MIL/DTC
| • | The control module turns OFF the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) after 3 consecutive ignition cycles that the diagnostic runs and does not fail. |
| • | A current DTC, Last Test Failed, clears when the diagnostic runs and passes. |
| • | A history DTC clears after 40 consecutive warm-up cycles, if no failures are reported by this or any other emission related diagnostic. |
| • | Clear the MIL and the DTC with a scan tool. |
Diagnostic Aids
Important: Remove any debris from the PCM connector surfaces before servicing the PCM. Inspect the PCM connector gaskets when diagnosing or replacing the PCM. Ensure that the gaskets are installed correctly. The gaskets prevent water intrusion into the PCM.
| • | Using Freeze Frame/Failure Records may aid in locating an intermittent condition. If you cannot duplicate the DTC, the information included in the Freeze Frame/Failure Records can aid in determining how many miles the vehicle has been driven since the DTC set. The Fail Counter and Pass Counter can also aid in determining how many ignition cycles the diagnostic reported a pass or a fail. Operate the vehicle within the same Freeze Frame conditions, such as RPM, load, vehicle speed, temperature etc., that you observed. This will isolate when the DTC failed. |
| • | An intermittent may be caused by any of the following conditions: |
| - | Low system air flow may cause this DTC to set. |
| - | Excessive exhaust system back pressure |
| - | Moisture, water, or debris ingested into the AIR pump |
| - | Pinched, kinked, heat damaged, or deteriorated hoses or vacuum hoses |
| - | Restriction in the pump inlet, duct, or filter |
| • | Thoroughly inspect any circuitry that is suspected of causing the intermittent complaint. Refer to Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections in Wiring Systems. If a repair is necessary, refer to Wiring Repairs or Connector Repairs in Wiring Systems. |
| • | For an intermittent, refer to Intermittent Conditions . |
| • | When commanding the AIR system ON with a scan tool, the PCM will activate the AIR pump and the AIR solenoid. The fuel control system will then enter an Open Loop status. This action will allow fresh air to enter the exhaust stream and cause the HO2S mV parameters to drop to near 0 mV. This would indicate a properly operating system. However, if the AIR pump does not operate, or there is no air flow from the pump entering the exhaust stream due to a leak in the system, the HO2S parameter may still drop below 100 mV. This is due to fresh air being drawn into the exhaust stream from the check valve operation and the opening of the shut-off valve. The HO2S will respond with a drop in mV readings as a result of this air leaning out the exhaust gases. The voltages may drop below 100 mV, but not approach the near 0 mV parameter. |
| • | An AIR pump which exhibits an exhaust noise through the pump may have an AIR solenoid or AIR shut-off valve stuck open. The short term fuel trims may indicate a higher than normal value. This condition may not set a DTC P0410. |
| • | An AIR shut-off valve that has become inoperative and has shown indications of exhaust gases in the outlet port, or heat damaged hoses may indicate an exhaust check valve failure. |
| • | The vacuum lines at the vacuum solenoid cannot be reversed. This condition may hold the shut-off valve open continually. The center port of the vacuum solenoid is the vacuum source. |
| • | A vacuum solenoid leaking vacuum will hold the shut-off valve open. An exhaust noise may be heard through the air cleaner. Fuel trim values may also indicate a higher than normal value at idle. This DTC may not set. |
| • | Leaking check valves will leave traces of exhaust carbon in the AIR system, with a possibility of heat damage to the hoses and shut-off valve. |
Test Description
The numbers below refer to the step numbers on the diagnostic table.
-
This step will determine if the AIR system is functioning correctly.
-
This step determines if there is a short to voltage on the AIR pump supply voltage circuit. Allowing the AIR pump to operate continuously.
-
This step is to test for a short to voltage on the AIR solenoid supply voltage circuit keeping the AIR solenoid ON at all times.
Step | Action | Values | Yes | No | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Did you perform the Diagnostic System Check-Engine Controls? | -- | Go to Step 2 | |||||||||||
2 |
Does the secondary air injection (AIR) pump run constantly? | -- | Go to Step 16 | Go to Step 3 | ||||||||||
3 |
Does the AIR pump turn ON and OFF when commanded with a scan tool? | -- | Go to Step 4 | Go to Step 6 | ||||||||||
Do the HO2S 1 bank 1 and HO2S 1 bank 2 voltage parameters decrease to the specified value within six seconds? | 100 mV | Go to Step 14 | Go to Step 5 | |||||||||||
5 |
Does the AIR shut-off valve hold vacuum for the specified amount? | 30 seconds. | Go to Step 15 | Go to Step 53 | ||||||||||
6 |
Does the test lamp turn ON and OFF when commanded with a scan tool? | -- | Go to Step 11 | Go to Step 7 | ||||||||||
7 |
Is the fuse open? | -- | Go to Step 26 | Go to Step 8 | ||||||||||
8 |
Does the test lamp illuminate? | -- | Go to Step 9 | Go to Step 47 | ||||||||||
9 |
Does the test lamp illuminate? | -- | Go to Step 10 | Go to Step 33 | ||||||||||
10 |
Does the test lamp turn ON and OFF when commanded with a scan tool? | -- | Go to Step 40 | Go to Step 31 | ||||||||||
11 |
Important: The DMM and test leads must be calibrated to 0 ohms in order to prevent misdiagnosis. Refer to the DMM User Manual for calibration procedure. Measure the resistance of the AIR pump ground circuit with a DMM. Refer to Circuit Testing in Wiring Systems. Is the resistance within the specified range? | 0-3 ohms. | Go to Step 12 | Go to Step 50 | ||||||||||
12 |
Important: Ensure that the fuse rating does not exceed the load rating of the jumper wire.
Does the AIR pump turn ON? | -- | Go to Step 40 | Go to Step 13 | ||||||||||
13 |
Important: The DMM and test leads must be calibrated to 0 ohms in order to prevent misdiagnosis. Refer to the DMM User Manual for calibration procedure. Measure the resistance of the AIR pump supply voltage circuit with a DMM. Refer to Circuit Testing in Wiring Systems. Is the resistance within the specified range? | 0-3 ohms. | Go to Step 41 | Go to Step 48 | ||||||||||
14 |
Is the vacuum equal to the specified value? | 0 in Hg/0 mm Hg | Go to Step 39 | Go to Step 25 | ||||||||||
15 |
Does the vacuum increase to more than the specified value? | 10 in Hg/254 mm Hg | Go to Step 32 | Go to Step 18 | ||||||||||
Does the AIR pump operate constantly? | -- | Go to Step 49 | Go to Step 17 | |||||||||||
17 | Probe the AIR pump relay control circuit at the AIR connector with a test lamp that is connected to battery voltage. Refer to Probing Electrical Connectors in Wiring Systems. Does the test lamp illuminate? | -- | Go to Step 24 | Go to Step 52 | ||||||||||
18 |
Does the vacuum displayed on the gage increase to more than the specified amount when commanded ON and drop back to zero inches of Hg when commanded OFF? | 10 in Hg/254 MM of Hg | Go to Step 36 | Go to Step 19 | ||||||||||
19 |
Is the vacuum more than the specified value? | 10 in Hg/254 MM Hg | Go to Step 21 | Go to Step 20 | ||||||||||
20 |
Is the vacuum more than the specified value? | 10 in Hg/254 MM Hg | Go to Step 36 | Go to Intake Manifold Cleaning and Inspection In Unit Repair | ||||||||||
21 |
Does the test lamp turn ON and OFF when commanded with a scan tool? | -- | Go to Step 22 | Go to Step 23 | ||||||||||
22 | Probe the AIR solenoid ground circuit with a test lamp that is connected to battery voltage. Refer to Probing Electrical Connectors . Does the test lamp illuminate? | -- | Go to Step 42 | Go to Step 49 | ||||||||||
23 | Inspect the AIR solenoid fuse at the AIR Fuse block. Refer to Engine Controls Component Views . Is the AIR solenoid fuse open? | -- | Go to Step 34 | Go to Step 44 | ||||||||||
24 | Test the AIR pump relay control circuit for a short to ground. Refer to Circuit Testing and Wiring Repairs in Wiring Systems. Did you find and correct a condition? | -- | Go to Step 58 | Go to Step 43 | ||||||||||
25 |
Did you find and correct a condition? | -- | Go to Step 58 | Go to Step 54 | ||||||||||
26 |
Did you find and correct the condition? | -- | Go to Step 58 | Go to Step 27 | ||||||||||
27 |
Did you find and correct a condition? | -- | Go to Step 57 | Go to Step 28 | ||||||||||
28 |
Is water contamination found on the inlet side of the AIR pump? | -- | Go to Step 46 | Go to Step 29 | ||||||||||
29 |
Is water contamination found on the outlet side of the AIR pump? | -- | Go to Step 35 | Go to Step 30 | ||||||||||
30 |
Does the AIR pump operate? | -- | Go to Intermittent Conditions | Go to Step 56 | ||||||||||
31 | Test the AIR pump relay control circuit for an open or short to voltage Refer to Wiring Repairs in Wiring Systems. Did you find and correct a condition? | -- | Go to Step 58 | Go to Step 43 | ||||||||||
32 |
Is a pressurize airflow present at the crossover hose? | -- | Go to Step 38 | Go to Step 37 | ||||||||||
33 |
Did you find and correct a condition? | -- | Go to Step 58 | Go to Intermittent Conditions | ||||||||||
34 |
Did you find and correct a condition? | -- | Go to Step 58 | Go to Step 54 | ||||||||||
35 | Inspect the water sample taken from the outlet side of the AIR pump. Does the water sample have a yellow tint and an exhaust odor? | -- | Go to Step 51 | Go to Step 45 | ||||||||||
36 | Inspect the following components for a leak or restriction.
Did you find and correct a condition? | -- | Go to Step 58 | Go to Intermittent Conditions | ||||||||||
37 | Inspect the following components for a leak or restriction.
Did you find and correct a condition? | -- | Go to Step 58 | Go to Step 56 | ||||||||||
38 | Inspect the following components for a leak or restriction.
Did you find and correct a condition? | -- | Go to Step 58 | Go to Intermittent Conditions | ||||||||||
39 | Connect a vacuum pump to the AIR shut-off valve and apply 10 inches of vacuum to the AIR shut- off valve. Does the AIR shut-off valve hold vacuum for the specified amount? | 30 seconds | System OK | Go to Step 53 | ||||||||||
40 | Test for an intermittent and for a poor connection at the AIR pump relay. Refer to Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections and Connector Repairs in Wiring Systems. Did you find and correct a condition? | -- | Go to Step 58 | Go to Step 52 | ||||||||||
41 | Test for an intermittent and for a poor connection at the AIR pump connector. Refer to Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections and Connector Repairs in Wiring Systems. Did you find and correct a condition? | -- | Go to Step 58 | Go to Step 56 | ||||||||||
42 | Test for and intermittent and for a poor connection at the AIR solenoid. Refer to Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections and Connector Repairs in Wiring Systems. Did you find and correct a condition? | -- | Go to Step 58 | Go to Step 54 | ||||||||||
43 | Test for shorted terminals and poor connections at the control module. Refer to Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections and Connector Repairs in Wiring Systems. Did you find and correct a condition? | -- | Go to Step 58 | Go to Step 57 | ||||||||||
44 | Test the AIR solenoid supply voltage circuit for an open or high resistance. Refer to Wiring Repairs in Wiring Systems. Did you find and correct a condition? | -- | Go to Step 58 | Go to Intermittent Conditions | ||||||||||
45 |
Is water contamination found on the outlet side of the AIR solenoid? | -- | Go to Step 55 | Go to Step 51 | ||||||||||
46 | Inspect the AIR inlet hose for the following conditions.
Did you find a condition? | -- | Go to Step 56 | Go to Intermittent Conditions | ||||||||||
47 | Repair the open or high resistance in the battery positive voltage circuit to the AIR pump relay. Refer to Wiring Repairs in Wiring Systems. Did you complete the repair? | -- | Go to Step 58 | -- | ||||||||||
48 | Repair the high resistance in the AIR pump supply voltage circuit. Refer to Wiring Repairs in Wiring Systems. Did you complete the repair? | -- | Go to Step 58 | -- | ||||||||||
49 | Repair the short to voltage in the AIR pump supply voltage circuit. Refer to Wiring Repairs in Wiring Systems. Did you complete the repair? | -- | Go to Step 58 | -- | ||||||||||
50 |
Important: The AIR pump and AIR solenoid have a shared ground circuit. Repair the open or high resistance in the AIR pump ground circuit. Refer to Wiring Repairs in Wiring Systems. Did you complete the repair? | -- | Go to Step 58 | -- | ||||||||||
51 | Replace the AIR Exhaust Check valves. Refer to Secondary Air Injection Check Valve and Check Valve Pipe Replacement - Bank 1 and Secondary Air Injection Check Valve and Check Valve Pipe Replacement - Bank 2 . Did you complete the replacement? | -- | Go to Step 56 | -- | ||||||||||
52 | Replace the AIR pump relay. Refer to Electrical Center Identification Views in Wiring Systems. Did you complete the replacement? | -- | Go to Step 58 | -- | ||||||||||
53 | Replace the AIR shut off valve. Refer to Secondary Air Injection Shut Off Valve Replacement . Did you complete the replacement? | -- | Go to Step 59 | -- | ||||||||||
54 | Replace the AIR solenoid. Refer to Secondary Air Injection Solenoid Valve Replacement . Did you complete the replacement? | -- | Go to Step 58 | -- | ||||||||||
55 |
Important: Ensure the correct routing of the AIR hoses. The inlet side of the AIR pump is marked IN.
Did you complete the replacements? | -- | Go to Step 58 | -- | ||||||||||
56 |
Important: Ensure the correct routing of the AIR hoses. The inlet side of the AIR pump is marked IN. Replace the AIR pump. Refer to Secondary Air Injection Shut Off Valve Replacement . Did you complete the replacement? | -- | Go to Step 58 | -- | ||||||||||
57 |
Important: The replacement control module must be programmed. Replace the control module. Did you complete the replacement? | -- | Go to Step 58 | -- | ||||||||||
58 |
Does the AIR pump turn ON and OFF? | -- | Go to Step 59 | Go to Step 2 | ||||||||||
59 |
Does the DTC fail this ignition? | -- | Go to Step 2 | Go to Step 60 | ||||||||||
60 | Observe the Capture Info with a scan tool. Are there any DTCs that have not been diagnosed? | -- | System OK |
