GM Service Manual Online
For 1990-2009 cars only

Gauge Functions

Both instrument clusters provide analog gauges for the following conditions:

    • Vehicle speed
    • Coolant temperature
    • Fuel level
    • Engine RPM

Speedometer

The Speedometer displays vehicle speed. A vehicle speed sensor (VSS) connected to the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) via discrete inputs provides a signal source to the IPC. The VSS discrete signal is pulled up to ignition 1 (IGN 1) in the IPC. The IPC uses the VSS data received from the PCM and a software program to determine the proper speedometer gauge pointer position. This vehicle speed pulse train is expressed as 4000 pulses per mile. Any calculated speed above 140 mph or 220 km/h is ignored and the last valid speed is displayed.

Engine Coolant Temperature

The coolant temperature sensor is located in the engine water jacket and is a resistive type sender. The sensor connected to the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) via discrete inputs. The filtered coolant temperature data is sent from the PCM to the IPC, via the class 2 serial data line. The IPC uses the temperature data received from the PCM and a software program to determine the proper coolant temperature gauge pointer position. When the IPC receives the coolant temperature via class 2, it compares the data to a calibrated look up table for the engine configuration. The coolant temperature is transmitted over the Class 2 serial data link on a change of 1.5°C or more. The instrument cluster uses a smoothing filter in order to secure a continuous response.

Fuel Level

The instrument cluster monitors a discrete input from the fuel level sender in order to determine the fuel level. The raw fuel level data is filtered for gauge display purposes. The instrument cluster has the following 2 filter modes:

    • A slow (heavy) filter
    • A fast (light) filter

A slow (heavy) filter is used whenever the vehicle is not in PARK. The slow filter prevents fuel slosh from affecting the gauge.

A fast (light) filter is used whenever the vehicle is in PARK. The fast filter allows the gauge to respond quickly when the vehicle is being fueled.

The instrument cluster also sends raw fuel level data to the PCM through a class 2 serial data line.

Tachometer

The tachometer displays engine RPM (speed) anytime the power mode is RUN. The engine RPM is calculated by a discrete signal sent to the IPC from the PCM. The engine speed signal is active low, with a pull-up resistor located in the IPC and connected to switched battery voltage. The signal is a square wave with a 25 to 75 percent duty cycle. Each engine revolution is represented by two input pulses. Engine speed is calculated using the time difference between the two consecutive pulses. Accuracy of the final calculations are +/- 25 RPM.

PRNDL Display

The IPC is equipped with an electronic PRNDL display. The display conveys the current selected gear (P,R,N,D,3,2,1) by placing an green filled box behind the selected gear. The IPC PRNDL information is received from PCM over the class 2 serial data line.